Effects+of+Smoking+on+Circulatory+and+Respiratory+Systems+8th

**__Effects from smoking on the Respiratory system​__** Smoking affects the Respiratory system by increasing the chances of cancer, heart disease and stroke. The number one organ in the respitory syetem that smoking is most dangerous to, is the lungs. The effects on the respiratory are: bronchitis, lung cancer, and emphysema. Smoking cigarettes causes cancer of the mouth and throat and lung cancer. Some of these cancerous chemicals in tobacco smoke is, tar carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, free radicals, radioactive compounds, and metals. Smoking also causes chronic broncitis and makes breathing difficult. Women smoking during pregnancy is known to have miscarriages and premature deliveries.One breath comprises a complete inhalation and exhalation. The lungs are never completely empty; there is always some air retained within. An adult normally takes 16 breaths per minute when awake and anything between six and eight when asleep. The chest cavity is a protective frame around the two lungs and heart. The internal movements around breathing contribute towards the health of the respiratory system. The quality of the air you breathe and the working of the associated, processing organs are affected by allergies, cold and flu viruses, bacterial infections and pneumonia. The condition of this vital system further deteriorates with smoking and pollution. No artificial structure or machines can ever replace the respiratory system. Nicotine is the addictive drug in tobacco smoke that causes smokers to continue to smoke. Addicted smokers need enough nicotine over a day to ‘feel normal’ – to satisfy cravings or control their mood. How much nicotine a smoker needs determines how much smoke they are likely to inhale, no matter what type of cigarette they smoke. Along with nicotine, smokers also inhale about 4,000 other chemicals in cigarette smoke. Many of these compounds are chemically active and trigger profound and damaging changes in the body. There are over 60 known cancer-causing chemicals in tobacco smoke. Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, causing many diseases and reducing health in general.

 __**What The Main Chemicals in Smoke tobacco do. **__ Tar- the particle conatians chemicals including several cancer causing substances. Tar is sticky and brown and stains teeth fingernails and the lung tissue.
 * __Effects from smoking on the Circulatory System __**
 * Raised blood pressure and heart rate
 * Constriction (tightening) of blood vessels in the skin, resulting in a drop in skin temperature
 * Less oxygen carried by the blood
 * Stickier blood, which is more prone to clotting
 * Damage to the lining of the arteries, which is thought to be a contributing factor to atherosclerosis (the build-up of fatty deposits on the artery walls)
 * Reduced blood flow to extremities like fingers and toes
 * Increased risk of stroke and heart attack due to blockages of the blood supply.

Carbon Monoxide- it is an odourless as that is fatal in large doses bcuase it takes place of oxygen in the blood. Each red blood cell contains a protien called haemoglobin; oygen molecules are transported around the body by binding to or hanging on to this protien but however carbon monoxide binds haemoglobin etter than oxygen. This means that less oxygen reaches the brain, heart, muscles and other organs.

Metals- tobacco smoke contains dangerous metals including arsenic, cadmium and lead. Several of these metals are carcinogenic.

Free radicals- these highly reactive chemicals cause damage to the heart muscles and blood vessels. The yreact cholestrial, leading to the build-up of fatty material on artery walls. these actions lead to heart desease, stroke and blood vessel damage.

Radioactive compounds- tobacco smoke contains radioactive compounds, which are known to be carcinogenic as well.

Hydrogen cyanide- the lungs has tiny hairs called cilia that helps to clean the lungs by moving foreign substances out. Hydrogen cyanide stops the lung clearence system from working properly which allows tobacco chemicals to build up inside the lungs and other chemicals that damage the lungs such as hydrocarbites, nitrous oxides, organic acids, phenols and oxidising agents.

Nicotine-The highly addictive drug that keeps smokers addicited to ciggeretts and makes the body think that it is a needed thing in order to function if the smoker takes in too much nicotine.



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Other Chemicals in cigarettes

Acetone: Nail Polish Remover Acetic Acid: Vinegar Ammonia : Floor / Toilet Cleaner Arsenic : Poison Benzene : Makes Dyes and Plastics Butane : Lighter Fluid Cadmium : NiCad Batteries Carbon Monoxide : Car Exhaust Fumes Cyanide : Metabolic poison Cloroform : Anasthetic DDT/Dieldrin : Insecticides Ethanol : Alcohol Formaldehyde : Preserver - Body, Tissue and Fabric Hexamine: Barbecue Lighter Methane : Swamp Gas Methanol : Rocket Fuel Napthalene : Mothballs Nicotine : Insecticide, Stimulant, Addictive Drug Nitrobenzene : Gasoline Additive Nitrous Oxide Phenols : Disinfectant Stearic Acid : CandleWax Toluene : Industrial Solvent Vinyl Chloride : Makes PVC

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