Effects+of+Smoke+on+Non-Smoker+8th

__Effects of Smoke on the Non-Smoker__ __By: Tyler Boehrnsen____, James Clodi, Lex Huffines, Andrew Lewis, and Cody Wilhoyt__ media type="custom" key="4708725" width="220" height="220" align="right"

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__Facts You Should Know:__ Cigarettes do not just harm the people who smoke. They also harm the people who are near cigarettes and breathe the smoke. SHS is the third leading cause of preventable death in this country, killing 53,000 nonsmokers in the U.S. each year! For every eight smokers the tobacco industry kills, it takes one nonsmoker with them! Secondhand smoke contains many chemicals that can quickly irritate and damage the lining of the airways. this not good for the unknown. Cigarettes do not just harm the people who smoke. They also harm the people who are near cigarettes and breathe the smoke. This includes fetuses (unborn babies still inside their mothers) and small children. They are breathing second hand smoke. Second hand smoke is the smoke that comes out of the lit end of a cigarette and that a smoker exhales (breathes out). Second hand smoke is also called passive smoke, involuntary smoke, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). About 53,000 people die from second hand smoke every year. When we breathe second hand smoke, we are breathing the same 4,000 chemicals a cigarette smoker breathes. 51 of those chemicals cause cancer. That is why a U.S. government agency called the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has labelled cigarettes as a Group A carcinogen. A carcinogen is something that causes cancer. The EPA put cigarettes in the same group with arsenic, which is a deadly poison, and asbestos, a cancer causing material that used to be put around pipes to insulate them. Involuntary smoking is a cause of disease,including lung cancer, in healthy nonsmokers. "If I don't have my own, what makes you think I want yours?"

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**__How Second Hand Smoking Gets To Our Kids__** Secondhand smoke is as damaging to a fetus as if the mother were inhaling the smoke directly from a cigarette! The children of parents who smoke compared to children of nonsmoking parents have an increased frequency of respiratory infections, increased respiratory symptoms and slightly smaller rates of increase in lung function as the lung matures. exposure causes lung and nasal sinus cancer, heart disease, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Serious impacts of SHS on children include asthma induction and exacerbation, bronchitis and pneumonia, middle ear infection, chronic respiratory symptoms, and low birth weight!

__ Health Dangers of Smoking for Nonsmokers: __ Simple separation of smokers and non-smokers within the same airspace may reduce, but does not eliminate, exposure of nonsmokers to environmental tobacco smoke. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is dirtier than the smoke that is inhaled in a cigarette because it is not filtered. The filter on the end of a cigarette removes some the harmful chemicals. ETS is the largest source of indoor air pollution. Restaurants that allow smoking can have six times the pollution of a busy highway. When people breathe ETS or second hand smoke on a regular basis in the workplace, their lungs are affected. Their lungs look as if the people smoked one to 10 cigarettes a day. That means nonsmoking workers in a smoking office have the same lung damage as a mild smoker. They have a 34% higher risk of getting lung cancer than workers who do not smoke or breathe second hand smoke on the job. Every year second hand smoke causes 3,000 deaths from lung cancer in nonsmokers over 35 years old. These deaths are not just from people breathing cigarette smoke in the workplace. Second hand smoke increases the risk of lung cancer even in dogs. It increases the risk of heart disease in human beings by 30%. Every year 37,000 nonsmokers die from heart disease caused by exposure to ETS. The 2006 U.S. Surgeon General's Report on The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke concluded that there is "no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke." The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has determined that the risk of acute myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease associated with exposure to tobacco smoke is non-linear at low doses, increasing rapidly with relatively small doses such as those received from secondhand smoke (SHS) or actively smoking one or two cigarettes a day, and has warned that all patients at increased risk of coronary heart disease or with known coronary artery disease should avoid all indoor environments that permit smoking!

__Further Studies on SHS:__ Long-term exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of developing breast cancer in younger, primarily premenopausal, women!A study of hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction in Helena, Montana before, during, and after a local law eliminating smoking in workplaces and public places was in effect, has determined that laws to enforce smokefree workplaces and public places may be associated with a reduction in morbidity from heart disease.10A June 2004 study published in the //British Medical Journal// reaffirmed that there are virtually no health disparities between active and passive smoking. The risks of heart disease associated with secondhand smoke are twice what were previously thought and are virtually indistinguishable from those associated with active smoking.11There is a link between secondhand smoke to an increased risk of stroke. Regular exposure to secondhand smoke, such as in restaurants, heightens one's chance of stroke by 50 percent!12The 1999 National Cancer Institute Monograph 10, based on the 1997 Cal-EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) review of population-based studies, confirmed that SHS is fatal and has numerous non-fatal health effects. SHS chemicals include irritants and systemic toxicants, mutagens, and carcinogens, and reproductive and developmental toxicants. More than 50 compounds in tobacco smoke are known carcinogens. SHS 13,14SHS is a major source of PM [particulate matter] pollution - a risk factor for pulmonary disease, asthma, and lung cancer - and that three cigarettes smouldering in a room emits up to 10-fold more PM pollution than an ecodiesel engine. The study concluded that high levels of PM exposure from SHS may account for frequent episodes of short term respiratory damage in nonsmokers.15Secondhand smoke exposure during childhood has been associated with an increased risk of spinal pain, such as neck pain and back pain in adult life. Researchers suggest this may be due to the negative effects of smoke exposure during childhood on the developing spine.16Secondhand smoke exposure impairs a child's ability to learn. It is neurotoxic even at extremely low levels. More than 21.9 million children are estimated to be at risk of reading deficits because of secondhand smoke. Higher levels of exposure to secondhand smoke are also associated with greater deficits in math and visuospatial reasoning.17The excess risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with passive smoking is 50-60%, twice what was previously thought by researchers, and the risks of CHD for passive smoking are virtually indistinguishable from active smoking. A study published in the July 2004 edition of the British Medical Journal found higher risks of CHD because, rather than using marriage to a smoker or working in a smoky environment as their measure of exposure, the study's authors used plasma cotinine (metabolized nicotine), a direct biochemical measure of total SHS) exposure. By doing so, they captured SHS's entire exposure effect.18The 1986 //Report of the Surgeon General//; the 1986 National Research Council report, //Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects//; and the 1992 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report, //Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders//, established that SHS exposure causes lung cancer.19,20The 2002 Environmental Health Information Service's //10th Report on Carcinogens// classifies SHS as a Group A (Human) Carcinogen - a substance known to cause cancer in humans. There is no safe level of exposure for Group A toxins. In addition, the 2002 World Health Organization International Agency's (IARC) //Monograph on Tobacco Smoking, Both Active and Passive// concluded that nonsmokers are exposed to the same carcinogens as active smokers.21,22In 1991, data showed that nearly 90 percent of the U.S. population had measurable levels of serum cotinine in their blood. In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals found more than a 75 percent decrease in median cotinine levels for nonsmokers in the U.S. since 1991- an indication that smoke-free environments significantly reduce exposure to SHS.


 * __ If You Smoke You Could Have...[[image:smoking.jpg width="399" height="294" align="left"]] __**
 * Bad skin.** Because smoking restricts blood vessels, it can prevent oxygen and nutrients from getting to the skin — which is why smokers often appear pale and unhealthy. An Italian study also linked smoking to an increased risk of getting a type of skin rash called psoriasis.**Bad breath.** Cigarettes leave smokers with a condition called halitosis, or persistent bad breath.**Bad-smelling clothes and hair.** The smell of stale smoke tends to linger — not just on people's clothing, but on their hair, furniture, and cars. And it's often hard to get the smell of smoke out.**Reduced athletic performance.** People who smoke usually can't compete with nonsmoking peers because the physical effects of smoking (like rapid heartbeat, decreased circulation, and shortness of breath) impair sports performance.**Greater risk of injury and slower healing time.** Smoking affects the body's ability to produce collagen, so common sports injuries, such as damage to tendons and ligaments, will heal more slowly in smokers than nonsmokers.**Increased risk of illness.** Studies show that smokers get more colds, flu, bronchitis, and pneumonia than nonsmokers. And people with certain health conditions, like asthma, become more sick if they smoke (and often if they're just around people who smoke). Because teens who smoke as a way to manage weight often light up instead of eating, their bodies lack the nutrients they need to grow, develop, and fight off illness properly.

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